Definition
除了 (chúle) is a preposition meaning 'besides/in addition to' when paired with 还/也, and 'except (for)' when paired with 都. It is the main word for expressing inclusion or exclusion. 以外 (yǐwài) is a noun (not a preposition) that appears after the noun in the pattern 除了…以外, which means the same as 除了 alone — but 以外 cannot be used without 除了 in this sense.
preposition
besidesin addition to (used with 还/也 to include)except (for) (used with 都 to exclude)
Examples
- 除了，。chú le shuǐ, wǒ hái xǐhuan hē chá.Besides water, I also like to drink tea.
- 除了，。chú le tā, wǒmen dōu qù.Except for him, we are all going.
- 除了，。chú le kàn shū yǐwài, tā hái xǐhuan tīng yīnyuè.Besides reading, she also likes listening to music.
Grammar
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