方案 (fāng'àn) refers to a concrete plan, program, or proposal for action — it's the specific, often written blueprint for how to achieve a goal. It's more formal and actionable than 计划 (jìhuà 'plan'), which is broader and can be everyday or abstract. For long-term, systematic planning use 规划 (guīhuà); for a suggestion or a draft, use 建议 or 草案.