扫盲 is a verb-object separable compound (离合词) meaning 'to eliminate illiteracy.' It refers specifically to the organized effort to teach basic reading and writing to adults who never attended school — a major national campaign in mid-20th-century China. As a separable verb, you can split it: 扫了盲 'finished literacy work,' 扫过一次盲 'did literacy work once.' The object (who is taught) is usually introduced with 对 or 为, e.g., 对农民扫盲.