情况 is the most common, general word for 'situation' or 'circumstances' — it covers everything from a social situation to a health condition. 状况 is more specific to a state or condition (e.g., of a machine or economy), while 状态 focuses on a person's mental or physical state. 情景 and 情形 are more concrete, referring to a scene or set of circumstances you can picture. For everyday use, 情况 is your default.