Definition
下同 is a formal abbreviation used in academic, legal, or technical writing. It appears in parentheses or after a statement to indicate that a rule, abbreviation, or reference applies to all subsequent occurrences in the same text — like 'the same applies below' or 'hereinafter the same'. You'll see it in footnotes, figure captions, and definitions lists.
f.e.
(formal abbreviation) the same applies belowsimilarly hereinafter
Examples
- （下同）。Běn biǎo shùjù dānwèi wéi wàn yuán (xià tóng).The unit of data in this table is ten thousand yuan (the same applies below).
- “WTO”（下同）。Wén zhōng jiǎnchēng “WTO” (xià tóng).Abbreviated as "WTO" in the text (similarly hereinafter).
- ：（下同）。Zhù: suǒyǒu jiàgé jūn wéi hánshuì jià (xià tóng).Note: all prices include tax (the same applies below).
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